Instability control

The red 911 Turbo S approaches the left-hand curve with sheer ferocity. Only at the last instant do the ceramic brakes kick in to powerfully decelerate it. The steering impulse is hard, even ruthless—experienced 911 race-car drivers would know that this is too much of a good thing. There’s nothing to keep the rear end from fishtailing now except for Porsche Stability Management (PSM). Normally, that is. The new PSM Sport mode, however, takes no drastic action. Yet the rear of the car does not turn out. Instead, the 580-hp (911 Turbo S: Combined fuel consumption*: 9,1 l/100 km, Combined CO₂-Emission*: 212 g/km), all-wheel sports car seemingly dances into harmless, controlled oversteering. The maneuver looks absolutely controllable—not to mention very fast—much to the delight of Vanina Ickx and Philipp Peglau.

Ickx has the powerful 911 firmly under control. The petite native of Belgium is one of the greats at the wheel. Her talent clearly runs in the family: Vanina Ickx’s father Jacky, for instance, won eight Grands Prix in his Formula One career. His name is even more hallowed in connection with the 24 Hours of Le Mans, where he took the overall title six times, four of them in a Porsche. His daughter Vanina has entered Le Mans seven times, in a 911 GT3 RS as well as at the wheel of various thoroughbred prototypes. She also spent two years as a factory driver in the German Touring Car Masters (DTM).

Taking a 911 Turbo S to the limit is a special experience

Ickx flashes a brilliant smile as she lets the Porsche slowly coast to a stop. It’s a cold spring day here in Hockenheim at the driving safety center in the middle of the Grand Prix racing circuit, and one might be tempted to warm one’s hands on the wheels of the car. Ickx herself seems to have been warmed just by the drive—taking a 911 Turbo S to the limit is a special experience, even for a race-car driver. “It’s never a simple matter to exhaust the full potential of such a powerful sports car,” she says as her eyes sparkle. “The new PSM Sport gives nonprofessionals the chance to enjoy this great experience too—within a safe framework.” Philipp Peglau beams.

Peglau is a suspension engineer. He and his colleagues were responsible for developing the PSM Sport mode. They spent two and a half years on the project, clocking countless miles on all kinds of surfaces—dry, wet, icy, snow-covered—and on all manner of racetracks, including the Arctic Circle Raceway. They didn’t rest until every parameter was so finely adjusted that the results met Porsche’s high standards for all driving maneuvers. Since the introduction of the Macan GTS, the latest generation of the 911, and the 718 Boxster and 718 Cayman, PSM Sport has been available to customers as part of the Sport Chrono Package.

“PSM Sport is not a drift mode,” says Peglau (42). The electronics do not take artificial measures to achieve and maintain a certain sideslip angle. “This would rob drivers of their feel for the car, and give them a false sense of security about their skills. PSM Sport by no means takes control of the car out of the hands of advanced drivers.”

PSM Sport sets in, without any additional sensor systems

According to Peglau, one of the greatest challenges at the limits of performance is the transition from stability to instability. Developers call this “yaw acceleration,” which refers to the strength of the impulse that leads to oversteering. If this impulse is too strong, it’s hard to get the car back under control. And it’s precisely at this point that PSM Sport sets in, without any additional sensor systems. “We haven’t just simply raised the control thresholds,” explains Peglau. “What we’ve done instead is dampen the initial yaw acceleration. This allows us to create a gentler transition. As soon as the system recognizes that the driver has everything under control, it allows for greater freedom—the threshold values for traction control are raised and the PSM’s interventions in braking for stability are toned down. This approach turns stability control into instability control, so to speak, without distorting the basic character of the car.”

Porsche had previously offered an intermediate stage between activated and deactivated PSM as part of its Sport Chrono Package. This mode was part of the Sport Plus system. As Peglau explains, “With the old PSM Sport mode, we wanted to give customers more freedom in the area of performance-oriented driving. Because the PSM light wasn’t on, the full PSM safety support remained. But we envisioned a more nuanced solution. We wanted to give drivers a greater degree of freedom on all surfaces—including roads in rain or snow—and a larger sideslip angle.”

Driving at performance limits

The aim was to enable drivers to experience the extraordinary driving dynamics of a Porsche under safe conditions—specifically, on closed racing circuits or training grounds. “Even when PSM mode is on, the control system only sets in when you reach the limits of stability,” says Peglau. “But on bumpy roads or sequences of curves, such as those on the Nordschleife of the Nürburgring, PSM-on mode can lower the vehicle’s potential performance somewhat. By contrast, PSM Sport, like PSM-off mode, lets you drive your fastest lap. At the same time, its control strategy offers sports drivers a baseline level of support should they unwittingly seek to exceed the limits of physics in the pursuit of their fastest lap. For example, it reduces the necessary steering dynamics by means of gentle braking interventions.”

At the same time, the safety net is spread considerably wider in the background. If the driver encounters difficulties and the brake pedal pressure exceeds the activation threshold of the anti-lock brake system, PSM switches back on, either more or less quickly depending on the preceding pressure. This “emergency anchoring” function is already similar to PSM-off mode. PSM Sport mode gradually approaches PSM-on mode from 62 to 93 mph. The only thing that can happen now, even at speeds above 93 mph, is an intervention by the traction control system, although this depends on the level of grip on the driving surface.

“We might also say that PSM Sport takes the driver by the hand and leads him carefully up to PSM-off mode, because that option continues to be available, of course,” says Peglau. But it should remain what it has always been: the most extreme means of choice for the very skilled. Such as Vanina Ickx in the 911 Turbo S. Could she imagine PSM Sport in a race car? “Why not?” she replies. “Traction control was a great help to us in certain situations in our Le Mans prototypes.” 

The new Sport mode in Porsche Stability Management